This is a painting of Peter the Great. In the picture he has a canon, a map, and a sword showing the large interest he had in the military and expanding his empire. He is also very nicely dressed showing his wealth.
Economic Backdrop
The economy of Russia during the time of Peter the Great was changed a lot because of his new ideas about foreign trade and much more. The manufacturing during this time was mainly for weapons, rope, canvas, uniforms, powder, and other products. They made these things because Peter the Great's interest in military and all of these things directly correlate with the military. Industrialists were able to buy serfs to work in their factories. He wanted to use western mercantilism, the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism, to promote agriculture, industry, and commerce. Two colleges were built for people to learn about and get hands on experience with commerce, mines, and manufacturing. The state made the prices of goods that were mad in factories and later they were the first ones to buy products from these industries to make sure that the products were well made. [1] used ideas from
Peter the Great also made many improvements in the political aspect of Russia as well. He made a new form of government that appointed a Senate that regulated all the different parts of the administration unlike Russia’s tried archaic government. Not only did he do this but he also made many accomplishments in foreign policies. The Russian Empire also founded political borders with the Qing Empire and Japan. Peter named the empire Muscovy and it spanned from parts of Europe to a lot of northern Asia. In the 17th and 18th centuries only the tsar, like Peter the Great, was the only one who could make war, tax, judge, and coin money. This was a form of absolutist government created by the Romanovs. He also beat the Swedish in a war and relocated the capital that was formerly in Moscow to St. Petersburg. Although Peter was victorious over the Swedish, he imitated the Swedish-style bureaucracy and developed a military-fiscal bureaucracy.
Timeline
Aspects of Culture
Social Backdrop
In the absolutist government formed by the Romanovs, nobles served as state officials. Aristocrats away from Moscow had unlimited authority if they were willing to be loyal and tribute to the tsar. Peasant families convened in communes to help each other deal with the harsh climate, poor harvests and terrible landlords. Later on 1649 peasants were legally bound to nobles as serfs. Basically, these nobles controlled everything about the serfs. Although during the time of peter the great, taxation fell very hard on serfs and slaves.
Social Structure in Russia
Education
Peter the Great was very interested in military tactics and the army. Officers who wanted to join in the military would have to be very thoroughly educated. From experience in the world Peter knew about the importance of being educated in the areas of math and science to be more successful in the military. All the different jobs in the military needed different educations about their specific job and Peter the Great thought that this was very important. In 1701, in Moscow, the School of Navigation and Maths was founded and run by British teachers. In later years, schools of Medicine, Engineering, and Sciences were established. A newspaper founded by Peter the Great was created called the Vedomosti. Peter was also fond of teaching the younger citizens in the Russian society about Russian culture and traditions. These lessons were taught by example and also events that took place to teach people about the type of culture they lived in.
Artistic Innovation
Ewer and basin, ca. 1726
Beaker and saucer, ca. 1775
Covered cup and saucer made for Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, ca. 1760
These three works of art are all from Russia in the 1700's. There seems to be a theme throughout these pieces, they have very intricate designs and are made from porcelain and silver, very nice materials.
Harlequin and Harlequin Dressed as Colombine, ca. 1770–80These figures show the enchantment of St. Petersburg and the traditions that were celebrated there such as masquerades and theme balls.
Catherine II, Empress of Russia, 1771The abbreviated Russian legend translates: "By the grace of God, Catherine II, empress and sovereign of all Russia."http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/52.189.11
David Roentgen and Company in Saint Petersburg, 1784–86Cut paper, ink, watercolor, gold foilhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/48.73.1
These pieces of art are unique to Russia because of the certain people in them. In all of these works the people in them are important to the society and culture of Russia.
This is an anthology about Russian literature and the culture and traditions of Russia during this time.
Religion
Peter the Great, was not very interested in the church because he was not a very religious person, so he let the government control the church. The religion in Russia in the 17th century was orthodox. During Peter’s reign he made many reforms from ideas he developed from western states, revising the alphabet, opening vocational schools, schools in math, navigation, engineering, medicine and establishing a Russian naval academy. When Patriarch Adrien died, Peter did not replace him. Also instead of Patriarchy and used the Holy Synod instead and the tsar appointed all bishops. The Holy Synod was a group of 10 clergymen.
Architecture
This is a building in the capital of Russia under Peter the Great, St. Petersburg. It is called the Winter's Palace built by Peter the Great.
Interior of Winter's Palace.
Winter's Palace was built for Peter the Great and his family. Over the years it has been added to and fixed and some parts are open to visitors.
Observations about what we have learned.
I observed that throughout this time of Peter the Great he made many reforms in all areas including education, economy, and politics. All of his reforms were mainly to modernize Russia. He was a strong leader who had very good military tactics and was always looking to make the Russian empire larger, and with his strong military it made things a lot easier. Peter the Great traveled through Europe and was influenced a lot throughout Europe and brought those ideas and ways of life back to Muscovy. Overall during the reign of Peter the Great, Russia flourished in all aspects of life.
HUGHES, LINDSEY, GARY MARKER, "Peter I." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004, "Peter I (czar of Russia)." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed.. 2015, and "Peter I." World Encyclopedia. 2005. "Peter I." Encyclopedia.com. January 01, 2004. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Peter_I_%28Russia%29.aspx.
Map during the time period.
Economic Backdrop
The economy of Russia during the time of Peter the Great was changed a lot because of his new ideas about foreign trade and much more. The manufacturing during this time was mainly for weapons, rope, canvas, uniforms, powder, and other products. They made these things because Peter the Great's interest in military and all of these things directly correlate with the military. Industrialists were able to buy serfs to work in their factories. He wanted to use western mercantilism, the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism, to promote agriculture, industry, and commerce. Two colleges were built for people to learn about and get hands on experience with commerce, mines, and manufacturing. The state made the prices of goods that were mad in factories and later they were the first ones to buy products from these industries to make sure that the products were well made. [1] used ideas from
[1]
"Peter the Great - Domestic Reforms - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/peter-the-great/peter-the-great-domestic-reforms/.
Political Backdrop
Peter the Great also made many improvements in the political aspect of Russia as well. He made a new form of government that appointed a Senate that regulated all the different parts of the administration unlike Russia’s tried archaic government. Not only did he do this but he also made many accomplishments in foreign policies. The Russian Empire also founded political borders with the Qing Empire and Japan. Peter named the empire Muscovy and it spanned from parts of Europe to a lot of northern Asia. In the 17th and 18th centuries only the tsar, like Peter the Great, was the only one who could make war, tax, judge, and coin money. This was a form of absolutist government created by the Romanovs. He also beat the Swedish in a war and relocated the capital that was formerly in Moscow to St. Petersburg. Although Peter was victorious over the Swedish, he imitated the Swedish-style bureaucracy and developed a military-fiscal bureaucracy.
Timeline
Aspects of Culture
Social Backdrop
In the absolutist government formed by the Romanovs, nobles served as state officials. Aristocrats away from Moscow had unlimited authority if they were willing to be loyal and tribute to the tsar. Peasant families convened in communes to help each other deal with the harsh climate, poor harvests and terrible landlords. Later on 1649 peasants were legally bound to nobles as serfs. Basically, these nobles controlled everything about the serfs. Although during the time of peter the great, taxation fell very hard on serfs and slaves.
Education
Peter the Great was very interested in military tactics and the army. Officers who wanted to join in the military would have to be very thoroughly educated. From experience in the world Peter knew about the importance of being educated in the areas of math and science to be more successful in the military. All the different jobs in the military needed different educations about their specific job and Peter the Great thought that this was very important. In 1701, in Moscow, the School of Navigation and Maths was founded and run by British teachers. In later years, schools of Medicine, Engineering, and Sciences were established. A newspaper founded by Peter the Great was created called the Vedomosti. Peter was also fond of teaching the younger citizens in the Russian society about Russian culture and traditions. These lessons were taught by example and also events that took place to teach people about the type of culture they lived in.
Artistic Innovation
These three works of art are all from Russia in the 1700's. There seems to be a theme throughout these pieces, they have very intricate designs and are made from porcelain and silver, very nice materials.
These pieces of art are unique to Russia because of the certain people in them. In all of these works the people in them are important to the society and culture of Russia.
Classic literary texts
https://books.google.com/books?id=1775x5B1eioC&printsec=frontcover&dq=anthology+Russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAGoVChMIo8qy8Iz6yAIVCXA-Ch3YwAqF#v=onepage&q=anthology%20Russia&f=falseThis is an anthology about Russian literature and the culture and traditions of Russia during this time.
Religion
Peter the Great, was not very interested in the church because he was not a very religious person, so he let the government control the church. The religion in Russia in the 17th century was orthodox. During Peter’s reign he made many reforms from ideas he developed from western states, revising the alphabet, opening vocational schools, schools in math, navigation, engineering, medicine and establishing a Russian naval academy. When Patriarch Adrien died, Peter did not replace him. Also instead of Patriarchy and used the Holy Synod instead and the tsar appointed all bishops. The Holy Synod was a group of 10 clergymen.
Architecture
Winter's Palace was built for Peter the Great and his family. Over the years it has been added to and fixed and some parts are open to visitors.
Observations about what we have learned.
I observed that throughout this time of Peter the Great he made many reforms in all areas including education, economy, and politics. All of his reforms were mainly to modernize Russia. He was a strong leader who had very good military tactics and was always looking to make the Russian empire larger, and with his strong military it made things a lot easier. Peter the Great traveled through Europe and was influenced a lot throughout Europe and brought those ideas and ways of life back to Muscovy. Overall during the reign of Peter the Great, Russia flourished in all aspects of life.
Bibliography
"An Anthology of Russian Literature from Earliest Writings to Modern Fiction." Google Books. Accessed November 05, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=1775x5B1eioC&printsec=frontcover&dq=anthology%2BRussia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAGoVChMIo8qy8Iz6yAIVCXA-Ch3YwAqF#v=onepage&q=anthology%20Russia&f=false.
Bio.com. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.biography.com/people/peter-the-great-9542228#related-video-gallery.
"Guided History." Guided History Peter the Great and the Modernization of Russia Comments. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/historians-craft/hudson-rowland/.
"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History." Search the Timeline. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/search/.
HUGHES, LINDSEY, GARY MARKER, "Peter I." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004, "Peter I (czar of Russia)." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed.. 2015, and "Peter I." World Encyclopedia. 2005. "Peter I." Encyclopedia.com. January 01, 2004. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Peter_I_%28Russia%29.aspx.
"Peter the Great - Domestic Reforms - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/peter-the-great/peter-the-great-domestic-reforms/.
"The Reign of Peter the Great." RSS. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/376/the-reign-of-peter-the-great.
"Russian Church Overview." Russian Church Overview. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www2.sptimes.com/Treasures/TC.5.4.7.html.
"Social+structure+in+russia+under+peter+the+great - Google Search." Social+structure+in+russia+under+peter+the+great - Google Search. Accessed November 05, 2015. https://www.google.com/search?q=social%2Bstructure%2Bin%2Brussia%2Bunder%2Bpeter%2Bthe%2Bgreat&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIxda0yvb0yAIVBFqICh26UQIH&biw=1424&bih=605#tbm=isch&q=social+structure+in+1700+in+Russia&imgrc=8FGMqAEbFRBp8M%3A.
"The Winter Palace." In St. Petersburg. Accessed November 05, 2015. http://www.saint-petersburg.com/palaces/winter-palace/.